Vanilla Planifolia - Plant Anatomy and Morphology


Plant Anatomy and Morphology

Monocotyledonous plants vs Dicotyledonous plants
All flowering plants can be divided into one of the two categories; either a monocot or dicot plant.
Vanilla Planifolia is a monocot.
Vanilla has a root system that is both epiphytic (that grows on other living trees) and terrestrial (grows on or in or from land). So the term bemiepiphytes is applied to them.
So, the seeds germinate in the soil, and the fine root hairs penetrate in the rich soil while obtaining essential nutrients. These roots are the feeding roots of the Vanilla plant. After germination, the young vines start climbing. New roots are produced with different forms and functions. They vary in length per species. The Aerial roots length of V.planifolia can grow up to 50 cm long. After many years of climbing upwards, you can call the vines
epiphytes. Vanilla Planifolia is a monocot so, that means a Fibrous root system.
Each vanilla flower stays open for 24 hours. In these 24 hours, it needs to be pollinated. You can use natural pollination or hand pollination. Natural pollination can only be done by the Melipona bee. If the bee is not found in the area where you grow the crop, you need to do it by hand.

In Figure 2 you can see the anatomy on a green, ripening, and senescent vanilla pod.It shows the Transverse slices from the stem to the blossom end of a ripening-senescent vanilla pod showing development and progression of oxidation (Conéjéro, 2010).

Afbeeldingsresultaat voor anatomy of vanilla pod
Fruits 65(4) · July 2010



References

Brillouet, J. M., Odoux, E., & Conejero, G. (2010). A set of data on green, ripening and senescent vanilla pod (Vanilla planifolia; Orchidaceae): anatomy, enzymes, phenolics and lipids. Fruits, 65(4), 221-235.

Rob,Jonas. (2012, September 23). Youtube-Monocots vs Dicots Explained. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gI2RxzAT-ww

Wikipedia. (2017). Terrestrial Plant. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_plant

 Dignum, M. J., van der Heijden, R., Kerler, J., Winkel, C., & Verpoorte, R. (2004). Identification of glucosides in green beans of Vanilla planifolia Andrews and kinetics of vanilla β-glucosidase. Food Chemistry, 85(2), 199-205.









Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Vanilla Planifolia - Envorinment and Agroecosystems

Image
Environment and Agroecosystems of Vanilla in Madagascar Madagascar, a country with a big variety in climate. The reason for this is its geographical position, wide range of altitudes and the different microclimates. Madagascar has the right environmental requirements for this crop. The environmental requirements for the weather are as follows: - Vanilla requires a temperature range of 21 to 32 °C -  a precipitation of 1500 mm or more that is evenly distributed - 80% relative humidity - and altitudes above sea level from 0 to 600 m. Then for the soil requirements: - it needs good drainage - Abundant organic material - Soil depth of roots should be approximately 40 cm in agroforestry systems - and a pH level of 6 to 7 Tropical Cyclones are a prominent feature of the Madagascan climate, which often leads to strong winds and heavy rainfall, which can cause significant damage and loss of life. Season of the cyclones is generally from November to may; its peak is in in Janu...
Read more

Vanilla Planifolia - Plant Disease and Insects

Image
Vanilla Planifolia - Plant Disease and Insects  The main factor of damage and a lower vanilla production are diseases. Vanilla grows under a temperature and humidity that is in favour of developing pathogens, which are mainly fungi. So, I will write something about the general production of Vanilla and its diseases (not focused on Madagascar). It is always better to prevent diseases instead of controlling the damage it already did to the crop. Of course, when necessary, you can use a chemical control to avoid environmental contamination.   The main vanilla insect pest is the ‘ Chinche Roja ’ ((Tenthecoris confusus Hsiao & Sailer). It is a small insect that has multiple life stages, including 4 instars. At the nymphal stage, it causes the most damage to the vanilla plant. It is the single most damaging vanilla pest, causing tissue damage in the leaves, stems, and the fruits. The wound of the chinche help to the colonization of fungus and bacteria that cause rot, wil...
Read more